Add/linear equation

[arthurfellipe-dev]

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized it.
• All filenames are in PascalCase.
• All functions and variable names follow Java naming conventions.
• All new algorithms have a URL in their comments that points to Wikipedia or other similar explanations.
• All new algorithms include a corresponding test class that validates their functionality.
• All new code is formatted with clang-format -i --style=file path/to/your/file.java

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 79.40%. Comparing base (9729e56) to head (44e1262).

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##             master    #7360      +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage     79.39%   79.40%   +0.01%     
- Complexity     7092     7096       +4     
============================================
  Files           792      793       +1     
  Lines         23226    23229       +3     
  Branches       4568     4568              
============================================
+ Hits          18441    18446       +5     
  Misses         4047     4047              
+ Partials        738      736       -2     

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[arthurfellipe-dev]

All checks are now passing, including the clang-format requirements. The implementation includes the LinearEquation logic, Wikipedia references, and unit tests covering all new lines as shown in the Codecov report